The Model Code of Conduct: what it is and what it restricts
Every election in India runs under the Model Code of Conduct, a set of rules for parties, candidates and governments that begins the day the schedule is announced.
By the Janadesh Online editorial team. Facts last checked against the sources below on 25 September 2026.
What it is
The Election Commission describes the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) as a set of norms evolved with the consensus of political parties, to guide their behaviour during elections and promote free, fair and peaceful polls.
When it applies
- Schedule announced
The code comes into force the day the Commission announces the election schedule.
- Campaign period
Ministers, governments and parties are bound by the campaign rules below.
- Last 48 hours
Public meetings are banned in the final 48 hours before polling closes.
- Polling day
No canvassing within 100 metres of a polling station.
- Process complete
The code stays in force until the election process is completed.
- General election: across the whole country.
- Assembly election: across the whole state.
- Bye-election: in the constituency (the whole district in non-capital areas).
It also binds the Central Government in respect of announcements and policy decisions for the state or Union Territory holding the election. Dates for upcoming elections are on the upcoming elections page.
Main rules
- Ministers cannot combine an official visit with electioneering, and government transport cannot be used for campaigning.
- Officials connected with the conduct of elections cannot be transferred or posted without the Commission's approval.
- Temples, mosques, churches, gurdwaras and other places of worship cannot be used as a forum for election propaganda.
- Loudspeakers are prohibited between 10 PM and 6 AM.
- Public meetings are banned in the last 48 hours before polling closes.
- Vehicles used in campaigning need permits from the returning officer, with the originals displayed.
- On polling day, canvassing is prohibited within 100 metres of a polling station, armed persons cannot approach polling areas, and arranging transport for voters is a criminal offence.
This is a summary of the main provisions in the Election Commission's FAQ, not the full text. The complete code and the Commission's orders on its enforcement are on the Election Commission's website.
Frequently asked questions
When does the Model Code of Conduct start?
From the date the Election Commission announces the election schedule. It stays in force until the election process is completed.
Does it apply to the Central Government?
Yes, in respect of announcements and policy decisions for the state or Union Territory where the election is being held.
Until what time can loudspeakers be used?
Loudspeakers are prohibited between 10 PM and 6 AM.
When are public meetings banned?
In the last 48 hours before polling closes.
Can places of worship be used for campaigning?
No. Temples, mosques, churches, gurdwaras and other places of worship cannot be used as a forum for election propaganda.
Sources
Janadesh Online is independent and not affiliated with the Election Commission of India. Rules and procedures can change between elections; the Commission’s own notices are the authority. Spotted an error? Tell us on the contact page.
